Date
13-06-2013
WASHINGTON (AP) — Eager to quell a domestic furor over U.S. spying,
the nation’s top intelligence official stressed Saturday that a
previously undisclosed program for tapping into Internet usage is
authorized by Congress, falls under strict supervision of a secret court
and cannot intentionally target a U.S. citizen. He decried the
revelation of that and another intelligence-gathering program as
reckless.
For the second time in three days, Director of National Intelligence
James Clapper took the rare step of declassifying some details of an
intelligence program to respond to media reports about counterterrorism
techniques employed by the government.
“Disclosing information about the specific methods the government
uses to collect communications can obviously give our enemies a
‘playbook’ of how to avoid detection,” he said in a statement.
Clapper said the data collection under the program, first unveiled by
the newspapers The Washington Post and The Guardian, was with the
approval of the secret Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Court and
with the knowledge of Internet service providers. He emphasized that the
government does not act unilaterally to obtain that data from the
servers of those providers.
Clapper’s reaction came a day after President Barack Obama defended
the counterterrorism methods and said Americans need to “make some
choices” in balancing privacy and security. But the president’s response
and Clapper’s unusual public stance underscore the nerve touched by the
disclosures and the sensitivity of the Obama administration to any
suggestion that it is trampling on the civil liberties of Americans.
Late Thursday, Clapper declassified some details of a phone records
collection program employed by the National Security Agency that aims to
obtain from phone companies on an “ongoing, daily basis” the records of
its customers’ calls. Clapper said that under that court-supervised
program, only a small fraction of the records collected ever get
examined because most are unrelated to any inquiries into terrorism
activities.
His statement and declassification Saturday addressed the Internet
scouring program, code-named PRISM, that allowed the NSA and FBI to tap
directly into the servers of major U.S. Internet companies such as
Google, Apple, Microsoft, Facebook and AOL. Like the phone-records
program, PRISM was approved by a judge in a secret court order. Unlike
that program, however, PRISM allowed the government to seize actual
conversations: emails, video chats, instant messages and more.
Clapper said the program, authorized in the USA Patriot Act, has been
in place since 2008, the last year of the George W. Bush
administration, and “has proven vital to keeping the nation and our
allies safe.
“It continues to be one of our most important tools for the protection of the nation’s security,” he said.
Among the previously classified information about the Internet data collection that Clapper revealed:
—It is an internal government computer system that allows the
government to collect foreign intelligence information from electronic
communication service providers under court supervision.
—The government does not unilaterally obtain information from the
servers of U.S. electronic communication service providers. It requires
approval from a FISA Court judge and is conducted with the knowledge of
the provider and service providers supply information when they are
legally required to do so.
—The program seeks foreign intelligence information concerning foreign targets located outside the United States.
—The government cannot target anyone under the program unless there
is an “appropriate, and documented, foreign intelligence purpose” for
the acquisition. Those purposes include prevention of terrorism, hostile
cyber activities or nuclear proliferation. The foreign target must be
reasonably believed to be outside the United States. It cannot
intentionally target any U.S. citizen or any person known to be in the
U.S.
—The dissemination of information “incidentally intercepted” about a
U.S. person is prohibited unless it is “necessary to understand foreign
intelligence or assess its importance, is evidence of a crime, or
indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm.
The Post and the Guardian cited confidential slides and other
documents about PRISM for their reports. They named Google, Facebook,
Microsoft Corp., Apple Inc., Yahoo Inc., AOL Inc. and Paltalk as
companies whose data has been obtained.
All the companies have issued statements asserting that they aren’t
voluntarily handing over user data. They also are emphatically rejecting
newspaper reports indicating that PRISM has opened a door for the NSA
to tap directly on the companies’ data centers whenever the government
pleases.
In his statement, Clapper appeared to support that claim by stressing
that the government did not act unilaterally, but with court authority.
The Guardian reported Saturday that it had obtained top-secret
documents detailing an NSA tool, called Boundless Informant, that maps
the information it collects from computer and telephone networks by
country. The paper said the documents show NSA collected almost 3
billion pieces of intelligence from U.S. computer networks over a 30-day
period ending in March, which the paper says calls into question NSA
statements that it cannot determine how many Americans may be
accidentally included in its computer surveillance.
NSA spokesperson Judith Emmel said Saturday that “current technology
simply does not permit us to positively identify all of the persons or
locations associated with a given communication.” She said it may be
possible to determine that a communication “traversed a particular path
within the Internet,” but added that “it is harder to know the ultimate
source or destination, or more particularly the identity of the person
represented by the TO:, FROM: or CC: field of an e-mail address or the
abstraction of an IP address.”
Emmel said communications are filtered both by automated processes and NSA staff to make sure Americans’ privacy is respected.
“This is not just our judgment, but that of the relevant inspectors general, who have also reported this,” she said.
Amid unsettling reports of government spying, Obama assured the
nation Friday that “nobody is listening to your telephone calls. What
the government is doing, he said, is digesting phone numbers and the
durations of calls, seeking links that might “identify potential leads
with respect to folks who might engage in terrorism.”
While Obama on Friday said the aim of the programs is to make America
safe, he offered no specifics about how the surveillance programs have
done that. House Intelligence Committee Chairman Rep. Mike Rogers,
R-Mich., on Thursday said the phone records sweeps had thwarted a
domestic terror attack, but he also didn’t offer specifics.
The revelations have divided Congress and led civil liberties
advocates and some constitutional scholars to accuse Obama of crossing a
line in the name of rooting out terror threats.
Obama, himself a constitutional lawyer, strove to calm Americans’
fears but also to remind them that Congress and the courts had signed
off on the surveillance.
“I think the American people understand that there are some
trade-offs involved,” he said when questioned by reporters at a health
care event in San Jose, Calif.
Obama echoed intelligence experts — both inside and outside the
government — who predicted that potential attackers will find other,
secretive ways to communicate now that they know that their phone and
Internet records may be targeted.
An al-Qaida affiliated website on Saturday warned against using the
Internet to discuss issues related to militant activities in three long
articles on what it called “America’s greatest and unprecedented scandal
of spying on its own citizens and people in other countries.”
“Caution: Oh brothers, it is a great danger revealing PRISM, the
greatest American spying project,” wrote one member, describing the NSA
program that gathers information from major U.S. Internet companies.
“A highly important caution for the Internet jihadis … American
intelligence gets information from Facebook and Google,” wrote another.
Former Rep. Pete Hoekstra, R-Mich., who served on the House
Intelligence Committee for a decade, said “the bad folks’ antennas go
back up and they become more cautious for a period of time.”
“But we’ll just keep coming up with more sophisticated ways to dig
into these data. It becomes a techies game, and we will try to come up
with new tools to cut through the clutter,” he said.
Hoekstra said he approved the phone surveillance program but did not know about the online spying.
